1.概述
上一节我们讲完了SystemServer的启动过程,这一节接着上一节的步骤,来讲解ActivityManagerService的启动过程。
ActivityManagerService简称AMS,具有管理Activity行为、控制activity的生命周期、派发消息事件、内存管理等功能。
2.核心源码
/frameworks/base/services/java/com/android/server/SystemServer.java
/frameworks/base/core/java/android/app/ActivityThread.java
/frameworks/base/core/java/android/app/Instrumentation.java
/frameworks/base/core/java/android/app/ContextImpl.java
/frameworks/base/core/java/android/app/LoadedApk.java
/frameworks/base/core/java/android/app/Application.java
/frameworks/base/core/java/com/android/server/LocalServices.java
/frameworks/base/services/core/java/com/android/server/ServiceThread.java
/frameworks/base/services/core/java/com/android/server/wm/ActivityTaskManagerService.java
/frameworks/base/services/core/java/com/android/server/wm/ActivityTaskManagerInternal.java
/frameworks/base/services/core/java/com/android/server/wm/RootActivityContainer.java
/frameworks/base/services/core/java/com/android/server/am/ActivityManagerService.java
3.架构
ActivityManagerService启动共分为以下4个阶段:
阶段1:为SystemSerer进程创建Android运行环境。AMS运行与SystemServer进程中,它的许多工作依赖于该运行环境
createSystemContext() -> new ActvityThread()-->attach ->getSystemContext ->createSystemContext
阶段2:启动AMS,主要进行一些初始化工作
new ActivityManagerService()
start()
阶段3:将SystemServer进程纳入到AMS的进程管理体系中
setSystemProcess() //将framework-res.apk的信息加入到SystemServer进程的LoadedApk中;构建SystemServer进程的ProcessRecord,保存到AMS中,以便AMS进程统一管理
installSystemProvider() //安装SystemServer进程中的SettingsProvider.apk
阶段4:AMS启动完成,通知服务或应用完成后续的工作,或直接启动一些进程
AMS.systemReady() //许多服务或应用进程必须等待AMS完成启动工作后,才能启动或进行一些后续工作;AMS就是在systemReady中,通知或者启动这些等待的服务和应用进程,例如启动桌面等。
ActivityManagerService时序图如下:
4. ActivityManagerService启动流程-源码分析
4.1 SystemServer启动
Zygote进行启动后,第一个Fork出SystemServer进程,SystemServer的启动流程可以参考我之前的文章,这里只分析与AMS相关的启动流程:
- 初始化 SystemContext
- 创建SystemServiceManager 对象,用来启动后面的服务
- 启动系统服务,共分为三种系统服务:系统引导服务(Boot Service)、核心服务(Core Service)和其他服务(Other Service)
- 在引导服务(Boot Service)中启动ATM、AMS服务
- 在其他服务(Other Service)中完成AMS的最后工作systemReady
源码:
[SystemServer.java]
public static void main(String[] args) {
new SystemServer().run();
}
private void run() {
...
//1.初始化 System Context
createSystemContext(); //参考[4.2]
//2.创建 SystemServiceManager 对象,用来启动后面的服务
mSystemServiceManager = new SystemServiceManager(mSystemContext);
//参考[4.3]
mSystemServiceManager.setStartInfo(mRuntimeRestart,
mRuntimeStartElapsedTime, mRuntimeStartUptime);
LocalServices.addService(SystemServiceManager.class, mSystemServiceManager);
...
//3.启动服务
startBootstrapServices(); //启动引导服务,参考[4.1.1]
startCoreServices(); //启动核心服务
startOtherServices(); //启动其他服务,参考[4.1.2]
...
}
4.1.1 [SystemServer.java] startBootstrapServices()
说明:启动引导服务,在其中启动了ATM和AMS服务,通过AMS安装Installer、初始化Power,设置系统进程等。
源码:
private void startBootstrapServices() {
...
//启动ActivityTaskManagerService服务,简称ATM,Android10新引入功能,用来管理Activity的启动、调度等功能
//参考[4.4]
atm = mSystemServiceManager.startService(
ActivityTaskManagerService.Lifecycle.class).getService();
//参考[4.5]
//启动服务 ActivityManagerService,简称AMS
mActivityManagerService = ActivityManagerService.Lifecycle.startService(
mSystemServiceManager, atm);
//安装Installer
mActivityManagerService.setSystemServiceManager(mSystemServiceManager);
mActivityManagerService.setInstaller(installer);
//初始化PowerManager
mActivityManagerService.initPowerManagement();
//设置系统进程,参考4.6
mActivityManagerService.setSystemProcess();
}
4.1.2 [SystemServer.java] startOtherServices
说明:启动其他服务,AMS启动后,完成后续桌面启动等操作
源码:
private void startOtherServices() {
...
//安装SettingsProvider.apk
mActivityManagerService.installSystemProviders();
mActivityManagerService.setWindowManager(wm);
//AMS启动完成,完成后续的工作,例如启动桌面等
//参考[4.7]
mActivityManagerService.systemReady(() -> {
...
}, BOOT_TIMINGS_TRACE_LOG);
...
}
4.2 System Context初始化
说明: 在SystemServer的run函数中,在启动AMS之前,调用了createSystemContext函,主要用来是初始化 System Context和SystemUi Context,并设置主题
当SystemServer 调用createSystemContext()完毕后,完成以下两个内容:
- 得到了一个ActivityThread对象,它代表当前进程 (此时为系统进程) 的主线程;
- 得到了一个Context对象,对于SystemServer而言,它包含的Application运行环境与framework-res.apk有关。
源码:
[SystemServer.java]
private void createSystemContext() {
ActivityThread activityThread = ActivityThread.systemMain(); //参考[4.2.1]
//获取system context
mSystemContext = activityThread.getSystemContext();
//设置系统主题
mSystemContext.setTheme(DEFAULT_SYSTEM_THEME);
//获取systemui context
final Context systemUiContext = activityThread.getSystemUiContext();
//设置systemUI 主题
systemUiContext.setTheme(DEFAULT_SYSTEM_THEME);
}
4.2.1 [ActivityThread.java] systemMain()
说明:systemMain函数主要作用是: 创建ActivityThread对象,然后调用该对象的attach函数。
源码:
[ActivityThread.java]
public static ActivityThread systemMain() {
// The system process on low-memory devices do not get to use hardware
// accelerated drawing, since this can add too much overhead to the
// process.
if (!ActivityManager.isHighEndGfx()) {
ThreadedRenderer.disable(true);
} else {
ThreadedRenderer.enableForegroundTrimming();
}
//获取ActivityThread对象
ActivityThread thread = new ActivityThread(); //参考[4.2.2]
thread.attach(true, 0); 参考[4.2.3]
return thread;
}
4.2.2 ActivityThread 对象创建
说明:ActivityThread是Android Framework中一个非常重要的类,它代表一个应用进程的主线程,其职责就是调度及执行在该线程中运行的四大组件。
注意到此处的ActivityThread创建于SystemServer进程中。
由于SystemServer中也运行着一些系统APK,例如framework-res.apk、SettingsProvider.apk等,因此也可以认为SystemServer是一个特殊的应用进程。
AMS负责管理和调度进程,因此AMS需要通过Binder机制和应用进程通信。
为此,Android提供了一个IApplicationThread接口,该接口定义了AMS和应用进程之间的交互函数。
ActivityThread的构造函数比较简单,获取ResourcesManager的单例对象,比较关键的是它的成员变量:
源码:
public final class ActivityThread extends ClientTransactionHandler {
...
//定义了AMS与应用通信的接口,拿到ApplicationThread的对象
final ApplicationThread mAppThread = new ApplicationThread();
//拥有自己的looper,说明ActivityThread确实可以代表事件处理线程
final Looper mLooper = Looper.myLooper();
//H继承Handler,ActivityThread中大量事件处理依赖此Handler
final H mH = new H();
//用于保存该进程的ActivityRecord
final ArrayMap<IBinder, ActivityClientRecord> mActivities = new ArrayMap<>();
//用于保存进程中的Service
final ArrayMap<IBinder, Service> mServices = new ArrayMap<>();
用于保存进程中的Application
final ArrayList<Application> mAllApplications
= new ArrayList<Application>();
//构造函数
@UnsupportedAppUsage
ActivityThread() {
mResourcesManager = ResourcesManager.getInstance();
}
}
4.2.3 [ActivityThread.java] attach
说明:对于系统进程而言,ActivityThread的attach函数最重要的工作就是创建了Instrumentation、Application和Context
调用:attach(true, 0),传入的system为0
源码:
private void attach(boolean system, long startSeq) {
mSystemThread = system;
//传入的system为0
if (!system) {
//应用进程的处理流程
...
} else {
//系统进程的处理流程,该情况只在SystemServer中处理
//创建ActivityThread中的重要成员:Instrumentation、 Application 和 Context
mInstrumentation = new Instrumentation();
mInstrumentation.basicInit(this);
//创建系统的Context,参考[4.2.4]
ContextImpl context = ContextImpl.createAppContext(
this, getSystemContext().mPackageInfo);
//调用LoadedApk的makeApplication函数
mInitialApplication = context.mPackageInfo.makeApplication(true, null);
mInitialApplication.onCreate();
}
}
Instrumentation
Instrumentation是Android中的一个工具类,当该类被启用时,它将优先于应用中其它的类被初始化。
此时,系统先创建它,再通过它创建其它组件。
mInstrumentation = new Instrumentation();
mInstrumentation.basicInit(this);
Context
Context是Android中的一个抽象类,用于维护应用运行环境的全局信息。
通过Context可以访问应用的资源和类,甚至进行系统级的操作,例如启动Activity、发送广播等。
ActivityThread的attach函数中,通过下面的代码创建出系统应用对应的Context:
ContextImpl context = ContextImpl.createAppContext(this, getSystemContext().mPackageInfo);
Application:
Android中Application类用于保存应用的全局状态。
在ActivityThread中,针对系统进程,通过下面的代码创建了初始的Application:
mInitialApplication = context.mPackageInfo.makeApplication(true, null);
mInitialApplication.onCreate();
4.2.4 [ContextImpl.java] getSystemContext()
说明:创建并返回System Context
源码:
public ContextImpl getSystemContext() {
synchronized (this) {
if (mSystemContext == null) {
//调用ContextImpl的静态函数createSystemContext
mSystemContext = ContextImpl.createSystemContext(this);
}
return mSystemContext;
}
}
说明:createSystemContext的内容就是创建一个LoadedApk,然后初始化一个ContextImpl对象。
注意到createSystemContext函数中,创建的LoadApk对应packageName为”android”,也就是framwork-res.apk。
由于该APK仅供SystemServer进程使用,因此创建的Context被定义为System Context。
现在该LoadedApk还没有得到framwork-res.apk实际的信息。
当PKMS启动,完成对应的解析后,AMS将重新设置这个LoadedApk。
static ContextImpl createSystemContext(ActivityThread mainThread) {
//创建LoadedApk类,代表一个加载到系统中的APK
//注意此时的LoadedApk只是一个空壳
//PKMS还没有启动,无法得到有效的ApplicationInfo
LoadedApk packageInfo = new LoadedApk(mainThread);
//拿到ContextImpl 的对象
ContextImpl context = new ContextImpl(null, mainThread, packageInfo, null, null, null, 0,
null, null);
//初始化资源信息
context.setResources(packageInfo.getResources());
context.mResources.updateConfiguration(context.mResourcesManager.getConfiguration(),
context.mResourcesManager.getDisplayMetrics());
return context;
}
4.3 SystemServiceManager 创建
说明: 通过 SystemServiceManager 的构造方法创建一个 SystemServiceManager 对象,并将该对象添加到 LocalServices 中。
源码:
private void run() {
...
//1.创建SystemServiceManager对象,参考 [4.3.1]
mSystemServiceManager = new SystemServiceManager(mSystemContext);
mSystemServiceManager.setStartInfo(mRuntimeRestart,
mRuntimeStartElapsedTime, mRuntimeStartUptime);
//2.启动SystemServiceManager服务,参考[4.3.2]
LocalServices.addService(SystemServiceManager.class, mSystemServiceManager);
...
}
4.3.1 [SystemServiceManager.java] SystemServiceManager()
说明:SystemServiceManager 对象主要用于管理 SystemService 的创建、启动等生命周期,SystemService 类是一个抽象类
在 SystemServiceManager 中都是通过反射创建 SystemService 中对象的,而且在 startService(@NonNull final SystemService service) 方法中,会将 SystemService 添加到 mServices 中,并调用 onStart() 方法
SystemServiceManager构造函数没有多少内容,主要是把传进来的system Context赋值给 mContext,供后续服务创建使用
源码:
public class SystemServiceManager {
...
private final Context mContext;
private final ArrayList<SystemService> mServices = new ArrayList<SystemService>();
...
SystemServiceManager(Context context) {
mContext = context;
}
public SystemService startService(String className) {
final Class<SystemService> serviceClass;
try {
//通过反射根据类名,拿到类对象
serviceClass = (Class<SystemService>)Class.forName(className);
} catch (ClassNotFoundException ex) {
Slog.i(TAG, "Starting " + className);
...
}
return startService(serviceClass);
}
public <T extends SystemService> T startService(Class<T> serviceClass) {
try {
final String name = serviceClass.getName();
// Create the service.
final T service;
...
service = constructor.newInstance(mContext);
...
startService(service);
return service;
} finally {
Trace.traceEnd(Trace.TRACE_TAG_SYSTEM_SERVER);
}
}
public void startService(@NonNull final SystemService service) {
// Register it.
mServices.add(service);
// Start it.
long time = SystemClock.elapsedRealtime();
try {
service.onStart(); //调用各个服务中的onStart()方法完成服务启动
} catch (RuntimeException ex) {
throw new RuntimeException("Failed to start service " + service.getClass().getName()
+ ": onStart threw an exception", ex);
}
}
}
4.3.2 [LocalServices.java] addService(SystemServiceManager.class, mSystemServiceManager);
说明:把SystemServiceManager的对象加入到本地服务的全局注册表中
源码:
public final class LocalServices {
private LocalServices() {}
private static final ArrayMap<Class<?>, Object> sLocalServiceObjects =
new ArrayMap<Class<?>, Object>();
//返回实现指定接口的本地服务实例对象
@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
public static <T> T getService(Class<T> type) {
synchronized (sLocalServiceObjects) {
return (T) sLocalServiceObjects.get(type);
}
}
//将指定接口的服务实例添加到本地服务的全局注册表中
public static <T> void addService(Class<T> type, T service) {
synchronized (sLocalServiceObjects) {
if (sLocalServiceObjects.containsKey(type)) {
throw new IllegalStateException("Overriding service registration");
}
sLocalServiceObjects.put(type, service);
}
}
//删除服务实例,只能在测试中使用。
public static <T> void removeServiceForTest(Class<T> type) {
synchronized (sLocalServiceObjects) {
sLocalServiceObjects.remove(type);
}
}
}
4.4 ActivityTaskManagerService 服务启动
说明:ActivityTaskManagerService简称ATM,Android10中引入新功能,用来管理Activity的启动、调度等功能
源码:
private void startBootstrapServices() {
...
//启动ATM
atm = mSystemServiceManager.startService(
ActivityTaskManagerService.Lifecycle.class).getService();
...
}
4.4.1 ATM服务启动过程
说明:从4.3.1 中我们知道SystemServiceManager.startService最终调用的是启动对象中的onStart方法
因此ATM启动,最终会调用ActivityTaskManagerService.Lifecycle.onStart()来启动ATM服务
源码:
public static final class Lifecycle extends SystemService {
private final ActivityTaskManagerService mService;
public Lifecycle(Context context) {
super(context);
//1.创建ActivityTaskManagerService,得到对象,参考[4.4.2]
mService = new ActivityTaskManagerService(context);
}
@Override
public void onStart() {
publishBinderService(Context.ACTIVITY_TASK_SERVICE, mService);
//2.启动ATM服务,,参考[4.4.3]
mService.start();
}
...
public ActivityTaskManagerService getService() {
return mService;
}
}
4.4.2 ActivityTaskManagerService 对象创建
说明:ActivityTaskManagerService简称ATM, Android10新引入功能,用来管理Activity的启动、调度等功能
Android10 中把原先在AMS中activity的管理移动到ATM中
从Android 10的代码路径可以看出,管理Activity的ATM被放入到的wm路径中,这个路径原先归WindowManagerService -WMS控制,谷歌的目的也是希望在将来把activity和window融合在一起,减少冗余代码以及AMS和WMS的协调工作
ATM的路径为:frameworks\base\services\core\java\com\android\server\wm
AMS的路径为:frameworks\base\services\core\java\com\android\server\am
ATM服务提供了AIDL接口供
public class ActivityTaskManagerService extends IActivityTaskManager.Stub {
final Context mUiContext;
final ActivityThread mSystemThread;
final ActivityTaskManagerInternal mInternal;
//ActivityStackSupervisor 是ATM中用来管理Activity启动和调度的核心类
public ActivityStackSupervisor mStackSupervisor;
//Activity 容器的根节点
RootActivityContainer mRootActivityContainer;
//WMS 负责窗口的管理
WindowManagerService mWindowManager;
//这是我们目前认为是"Home" Activity的过程
WindowProcessController mHomeProcess;
public ActivityTaskManagerService(Context context) {
//拿到System Context
mContext = context;
mFactoryTest = FactoryTest.getMode();
//取出的是ActivityThread的静态变量sCurrentActivityThread
//这意味着mSystemThread与SystemServer中的ActivityThread一致
mSystemThread = ActivityThread.currentActivityThread();
//拿到System UI Context
mUiContext = mSystemThread.getSystemUiContext();
mLifecycleManager = new ClientLifecycleManager();
//拿到LocalService的对象
mInternal = new LocalService();
GL_ES_VERSION = SystemProperties.getInt("ro.opengles.version", GL_ES_VERSION_UNDEFINED);
}
}
4.4.3 [ActivityTaskManagerService.java] start()
说明:将 ActivityTaskManagerInternal添加到本地服务的全局注册表中,ActivityTaskManagerInternal为抽象类
源码:
private void start() {
LocalServices.addService(ActivityTaskManagerInternal.class, mInternal);
}
4.5 ActivityManagerService 服务启动
说明:ActivityManagerService简称AMS,在Android 10的版本中,Activity的管理和调度移到ATM中,AMS负责 service,broadcast,provider的管理和调度
源码:
private void startBootstrapServices() {
...
//启动AMS
mActivityManagerService = ActivityManagerService.Lifecycle.startService(mSystemServiceManager, atm);
...
}
4.5.1 AMS服务启动过程
说明:从4.3.1 中我们知道SystemServiceManager.startService最终调用的是启动对象中的onStart方法
因此AMS服务启动,最终会调用ActivityManagerService.Lifecycle.onStart()来启动ATM服务
源码:
public static final class Lifecycle extends SystemService {
private final ActivityManagerService mService;
private static ActivityTaskManagerService sAtm;
public Lifecycle(Context context) {
super(context);
//1.创建ActivityManagerService,得到对象,传入ATM的对象,参考[4.5.2]
mService = new ActivityManagerService(context, sAtm);
}
@Override
public void onStart() {
mService.start();
}
...
public ActivityManagerService getService() {
return mService;
}
}
4.5.2 AMS 对象创建
说明:Android10中,Activity的管理和调度放入到ATM中执行,AMS中保留 service,broadcast,provider的管理和调度
构造函数初始化主要工作就是初始化一些变量,供之后的service,broadcast,provider的管理和调度
源码:
public class ActivityManagerService extends IActivityManager.Stub
implements Watchdog.Monitor, BatteryStatsImpl.BatteryCallback {
public ActivityManagerService(Context systemContext, ActivityTaskManagerService atm) {
...
//AMS的运行上下文与SystemServer一致
mContext = systemContext;
...
//取出的是ActivityThread的静态变量sCurrentActivityThread
//这意味着mSystemThread与SystemServer中的ActivityThread一致
mSystemThread = ActivityThread.currentActivityThread();
mUiContext = mSystemThread.getSystemUiContext();
mHandlerThread = new ServiceThread(TAG,
THREAD_PRIORITY_FOREGROUND, false /*allowIo*/);
mHandlerThread.start();
//处理AMS中消息的主力
mHandler = new MainHandler(mHandlerThread.getLooper());
//UiHandler对应于Android中的UiThread
mUiHandler = mInjector.getUiHandler(this);
//创建 BroadcastQueue 前台广播对象,处理超时时长是 10s
mFgBroadcastQueue = new BroadcastQueue(this, mHandler,
"foreground", foreConstants, false);
//创建 BroadcastQueue 后台广播对象,处理超时时长是 60s
mBgBroadcastQueue = new BroadcastQueue(this, mHandler,
"background", backConstants, true);
//创建 BroadcastQueue 分流广播对象,处理超时时长是 60s
mOffloadBroadcastQueue = new BroadcastQueue(this, mHandler,
"offload", offloadConstants, true);
mBroadcastQueues[0] = mFgBroadcastQueue;
mBroadcastQueues[1] = mBgBroadcastQueue;
mBroadcastQueues[2] = mOffloadBroadcastQueue;
// 创建 ActiveServices 对象,用于管理 ServiceRecord 对象
mServices = new ActiveServices(this);
// 创建 ProviderMap 对象,用于管理 ContentProviderRecord 对象
mProviderMap = new ProviderMap(this);
//得到ATM的对象,调用ATM.initialize
mActivityTaskManager = atm;
mActivityTaskManager.initialize(mIntentFirewall, mPendingIntentController,
DisplayThread.get().getLooper());
//得到ATM的服务信息
mAtmInternal = LocalServices.getService(
ActivityTaskManagerInternal.class);
//加入Watchdog的监控
Watchdog.getInstance().addMonitor(this);
Watchdog.getInstance().addThread(mHandler);
}
}
4.5.3 [ActivityManagerService.java] start()
说明:start中做了两件事
1)启动 CPU 监控线程,在启动 CPU 监控线程之前,首先将进程复位
2)注册电池状态服务和权限管理服务
源码:
private void start() {
//1.移除所有的进程组
removeAllProcessGroups();
//启动 CPU 监控线程
mProcessCpuThread.start();
//2.注册电池状态和权限管理服务
mBatteryStatsService.publish();
mAppOpsService.publish(mContext);
Slog.d("AppOps", "AppOpsService published");
LocalServices.addService(ActivityManagerInternal.class, new LocalService());
mActivityTaskManager.onActivityManagerInternalAdded();
mUgmInternal.onActivityManagerInternalAdded();
mPendingIntentController.onActivityManagerInternalAdded();
// Wait for the synchronized block started in mProcessCpuThread,
// so that any other access to mProcessCpuTracker from main thread
// will be blocked during mProcessCpuTracker initialization.
try {
mProcessCpuInitLatch.await();
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
Slog.wtf(TAG, "Interrupted wait during start", e);
Thread.currentThread().interrupt();
throw new IllegalStateException("Interrupted wait during start");
}
}
4.6 [SystemServer.java] setSystemProcess()
说明:为系统进程设置应用程序实例并开始
源码:
private void startOtherServices() {
//参考[4.6.1]
Set up the Application instance for the system process and get started.
mActivityManagerService.setSystemProcess();
}
4.6.1 [ActivityManagerService.java] setSystemProcess()
说明:AMS的setSystemProcess主要有五个主要的功能:
- 注册一些服务:包括 activity、procstats、meminfo、gfxinfo、dbinfo、permission、processinfo
- 获取package名为“android”的应用的 ApplicationInfo;
- 为ActivityThread 安装 system application相关信息,将framework-res.apk对应的ApplicationInfo安装到LoadedApk中的mApplicationInfo
- 为systemserver 主进程开辟一个ProcessRecord来维护进程的相关信息
- AMS进程管理相关的操作。
源码:
public void setSystemProcess() {
try {
//1.注册一些服务到ServiceManager:包括 activity、procstats、meminfo、gfxinfo、dbinfo、permission、processinfo
ServiceManager.addService(Context.ACTIVITY_SERVICE, this, /* allowIsolated= */ true,
DUMP_FLAG_PRIORITY_CRITICAL | DUMP_FLAG_PRIORITY_NORMAL | DUMP_FLAG_PROTO);
ServiceManager.addService(ProcessStats.SERVICE_NAME, mProcessStats);
ServiceManager.addService("meminfo", new MemBinder(this), /* allowIsolated= */ false,
DUMP_FLAG_PRIORITY_HIGH);
ServiceManager.addService("gfxinfo", new GraphicsBinder(this));
ServiceManager.addService("dbinfo", new DbBinder(this));
if (MONITOR_CPU_USAGE) {
ServiceManager.addService("cpuinfo", new CpuBinder(this),
/* allowIsolated= */ false, DUMP_FLAG_PRIORITY_CRITICAL);
}
ServiceManager.addService("permission", new PermissionController(this));
ServiceManager.addService("processinfo", new ProcessInfoService(this));
//2.通过解析framework-res.apk里的AndroidManifest.xml获得ApplicationInfo
ApplicationInfo info = mContext.getPackageManager().getApplicationInfo(
"android", STOCK_PM_FLAGS | MATCH_SYSTEM_ONLY);
//3.为ActivityThread 安装 system application相关信息,将framework-res.apk对应的ApplicationInfo安装到LoadedApk中的mApplicationInfo
mSystemThread.installSystemApplicationInfo(info, getClass().getClassLoader());
//4.为systemserver 主进程开辟一个ProcessRecord来维护进程的相关信息
synchronized (this) {
ProcessRecord app = mProcessList.newProcessRecordLocked(info, info.processName,
false,
0,
new HostingRecord("system"));
app.setPersistent(true); //设置进程常驻
app.pid = MY_PID; //为ProcessRecord赋值当前进程ID,即system_server进程ID
app.getWindowProcessController().setPid(MY_PID);
app.maxAdj = ProcessList.SYSTEM_ADJ;
app.makeActive(mSystemThread.getApplicationThread(), mProcessStats);
mPidsSelfLocked.put(app); //将ProcessRecord放到mPidSelfLocked里统一管理
mProcessList.updateLruProcessLocked(app, false, null);
updateOomAdjLocked(OomAdjuster.OOM_ADJ_REASON_NONE);
}
} catch (PackageManager.NameNotFoundException e) {
throw new RuntimeException(
"Unable to find android system package", e);
}
// Start watching app ops after we and the package manager are up and running.
mAppOpsService.startWatchingMode(AppOpsManager.OP_RUN_IN_BACKGROUND, null,
new IAppOpsCallback.Stub() {
@Override public void opChanged(int op, int uid, String packageName) {
if (op == AppOpsManager.OP_RUN_IN_BACKGROUND && packageName != null) {
if (mAppOpsService.checkOperation(op, uid, packageName)
!= AppOpsManager.MODE_ALLOWED) {
runInBackgroundDisabled(uid);
}
}
}
});
}
4.7 完成ActivityManagerService 最后工作[ActivityManagerService.java] systemReady()
说明: AMS的systemReady 处理分为三个阶段
阶段1:主要是调用一些关键服务的初始化函数, 然后杀死那些没有FLAG_PERSISTENT却在AMS启动完成前已经存在的进程,
同时获取一些配置参数。 需要注意的是,由于只有Java进程才会向AMS注册,而一般的Native进程不会向AMS注册,因此此处杀死的进程是Java进程。
阶段2:执行goingCallback的处理,主要的工作就是通知一些服务可以进行systemReady、systemRunning相关的工作,并进行启动服务或应用进程的工作
阶段3:启动Home Activity,当启动结束,并发送ACTION_BOOT_COMPLETED广播时,AMS的启动过程告一段落
源码:
private void startOtherServices() {
mActivityManagerService.systemReady(() -> {xxxxxgoingCallbackxxx,
BOOT_TIMINGS_TRACE_LOG);
}
public void systemReady(final Runnable goingCallback, TimingsTraceLog traceLog) {
阶段1:关键服务的初始化
阶段2:goingCallback处理
阶段3:启动Home Activity,完成AMS启动
}
4.7.1 systemReady 阶段1
说明:主要是调用一些关键服务的初始化函数, 然后杀死那些没有 FLAG_PERSISTENT 却在AMS启动完成前已经存在的进程, 同时获取一些配置参数。 需要注意的是,由于只有Java进程才会向AMS注册,而一般的Native进程不会向AMS注册,因此此处杀死的进程是Java进程。
源码:
public void systemReady(final Runnable goingCallback, TimingsTraceLog traceLog) {
synchronized(this) {
//第一次进入mSystemReady 为false,不走该流程
if (mSystemReady) {
if (goingCallback != null) {
goingCallback.run();
}
return;
}
/** PowerSaveMode_start */
Settings.System.putInt(mContext.getContentResolver(),
ActivityTaskManagerService.SUPER_POWER_SAVE_MODE,
ActivityTaskManagerService.SUPER_POWER_SAVE_MODE_NORMAL);
/** PowerSaveMode_end */
//这一部分主要是调用一些关键服务SystemReady相关的函数,
//进行一些等待AMS初始完,才能进行的工作
mActivityTaskManager.onSystemReady();
mUserController.onSystemReady();
mAppOpsService.systemReady();
...
mSystemReady = true;
}
try {
sTheRealBuildSerial = IDeviceIdentifiersPolicyService.Stub.asInterface(
ServiceManager.getService(Context.DEVICE_IDENTIFIERS_SERVICE))
.getSerial();
} catch (RemoteException e) {}
ArrayList<ProcessRecord> procsToKill = null;
synchronized(mPidsSelfLocked) {
//mPidsSelfLocked 中保存当前正在运行的所有进程的信息
for (int i=mPidsSelfLocked.size()-1; i>=0; i--) {
ProcessRecord proc = mPidsSelfLocked.valueAt(i);
//在AMS启动完成前,如果没有FLAG_PERSISTENT标志的进程已经启动了,
//就将这个进程加入到procsToKill中
if (!isAllowedWhileBooting(proc.info)){
if (procsToKill == null) {
procsToKill = new ArrayList<ProcessRecord>();
}
procsToKill.add(proc);
}
}
}
//收集已经启动的进程并杀死,排除persistent常驻进程
synchronized(this) {
//利用removeProcessLocked关闭procsToKill中的进程
if (procsToKill != null) {
for (int i=procsToKill.size()-1; i>=0; i--) {
ProcessRecord proc = procsToKill.get(i);
Slog.i(TAG, "Removing system update proc: " + proc);
mProcessList.removeProcessLocked(proc, true, false, "system update done");
}
}
//至此系统准备完毕
mProcessesReady = true;
}
...
mUgmInternal.onSystemReady();
}
4.7.2 systemReady 阶段2
说明:执行goingCallback的处理,主要的工作就是通知一些服务可以进行systemReady相关的工作,并进行启动服务或应用进程的工作
源码:
public void systemReady(final Runnable goingCallback, TimingsTraceLog traceLog) {
...
//1.调用参数传入的runnable对象,SystemServer中有具体的定义,参考[4.7.2.1]
if (goingCallback != null) goingCallback.run();
...
//调用所有系统服务的onStartUser接口
mSystemServiceManager.startUser(currentUserId);
synchronized (this) {
//启动persistent为1的application所在的进程,参考[4.7.2.2]
startPersistentApps(PackageManager.MATCH_DIRECT_BOOT_AWARE);
// Start up initial activity.
mBooting = true;
...
}
4.7.2.1 goingCallback.run()
说明:监控Native的crash,启动WebView,执行一些服务的systemReady 和systemRunning方法
源码:
private void startOtherServices() {
mActivityManagerService.systemReady(() -> {
//阶段 550
mSystemServiceManager.startBootPhase(
SystemService.PHASE_ACTIVITY_MANAGER_READY);
...
//监控Native的crash
mActivityManagerService.startObservingNativeCrashes();
, BOOT_TIMINGS_TRACE_LOG);
...
//启动WebView
mWebViewUpdateService.prepareWebViewInSystemServer();
//启动systemUI,参考[4.7.2.3]
startSystemUi(context, windowManagerF);
// 执行一系列服务的systemReady方法
networkManagementF.systemReady();
ipSecServiceF.systemReady();
networkStatsF.systemReady();
connectivityF.systemReady();
networkPolicyF.systemReady(networkPolicyInitReadySignal);
...
//阶段 600
mSystemServiceManager.startBootPhase(
SystemService.PHASE_THIRD_PARTY_APPS_CAN_START);
//执行一系列服务的systemRunning方法
locationF.systemRunning();
countryDetectorF.systemRunning();
networkTimeUpdaterF.systemRunning();
inputManagerF.systemRunning();
telephonyRegistryF.systemRunning();
mediaRouterF.systemRunning();
mmsServiceF.systemRunning();
...
}
4.7.2.2 [ActivityManagerService.java] startPersistentApps
说明:启动persistent为1的application所在的进程
源码:
void startPersistentApps(int matchFlags) {
if (mFactoryTest == FactoryTest.FACTORY_TEST_LOW_LEVEL) return;
synchronized (this) {
try {
//从PKMS中得到persistent为1的ApplicationInfo
final List<ApplicationInfo> apps = AppGlobals.getPackageManager()
.getPersistentApplications(STOCK_PM_FLAGS | matchFlags).getList();
for (ApplicationInfo app : apps) {
//由于framework-res.apk已经由系统启动,所以此处不再启动它
if (!"android".equals(app.packageName)) {
//addAppLocked中将启动application所在进程
addAppLocked(app, null, false, null /* ABI override */);
}
}
} catch (RemoteException ex) {
}
}
}
4.7.2.3 启动systemUI startSystemUi
说明:启动system UI, 启动服务,服务名称”com.android.systemui/.SystemUIService”
源码:
[SystemServer.java]
private static void startSystemUi(Context context, WindowManagerService windowManager) {
Intent intent = new Intent();
intent.setComponent(new ComponentName("com.android.systemui",
"com.android.systemui.SystemUIService"));
intent.addFlags(Intent.FLAG_DEBUG_TRIAGED_MISSING);
//Slog.d(TAG, "Starting service: " + intent);
context.startServiceAsUser(intent, UserHandle.SYSTEM);
windowManager.onSystemUiStarted();
}
4.7.3 systemReady 阶段3
说明:启动Home Activity,当启动结束,并发送ACTION_BOOT_COMPLETED广播时,AMS的启动过程告一段落
源码:
public void systemReady(final Runnable goingCallback, TimingsTraceLog traceLog) {
...
//1.通过ATM,启动Home Activity,参考[4.7.3.1]
mAtmInternal.startHomeOnAllDisplays(currentUserId, "systemReady");
...
//2.发送一些广播消息
try {
//system发送广播 ACTION_USER_STARTED = "android.intent.action.USER_STARTED";
Intent intent = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_USER_STARTED);
intent.addFlags(Intent.FLAG_RECEIVER_REGISTERED_ONLY
| Intent.FLAG_RECEIVER_FOREGROUND);
intent.putExtra(Intent.EXTRA_USER_HANDLE, currentUserId);
broadcastIntentLocked(null, null, intent,
null, null, 0, null, null, null, OP_NONE,
null, false, false, MY_PID, SYSTEM_UID, callingUid, callingPid,
currentUserId);
//system发送广播 ACTION_USER_STARTING= "android.intent.action.USER_STARTING";
intent = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_USER_STARTING);
intent.addFlags(Intent.FLAG_RECEIVER_REGISTERED_ONLY);
intent.putExtra(Intent.EXTRA_USER_HANDLE, currentUserId);
broadcastIntentLocked(null, null, intent,
null, new IIntentReceiver.Stub() {
@Override
public void performReceive(Intent intent, int resultCode, String data,
Bundle extras, boolean ordered, boolean sticky, int sendingUser)
throws RemoteException {
}
}, 0, null, null,
new String[] {INTERACT_ACROSS_USERS}, OP_NONE,
null, true, false, MY_PID, SYSTEM_UID, callingUid, callingPid,
UserHandle.USER_ALL);
} catch (Throwable t) {
Slog.wtf(TAG, "Failed sending first user broadcasts", t);
} finally {
Binder.restoreCallingIdentity(ident);
}
}
4.7.3.1 [ActivityTaskManagerService] startHomeOnAllDisplays
说明:启动Home Activity
源码:
[ActivityTaskManagerService.java]
public boolean startHomeOnAllDisplays(int userId, String reason) {
synchronized (mGlobalLock) {
//调用RootActivityContainer的startHomeOnAllDisplays(),最终到startHomeOnDisplay()
return mRootActivityContainer.startHomeOnAllDisplays(userId, reason);
}
}
[RootActivityContainer.java]
boolean startHomeOnDisplay(int userId, String reason, int displayId, boolean allowInstrumenting,
boolean fromHomeKey) {
// Fallback to top focused display if the displayId is invalid.
if (displayId == INVALID_DISPLAY) {
displayId = getTopDisplayFocusedStack().mDisplayId;
}
Intent homeIntent = null;
ActivityInfo aInfo = null;
if (displayId == DEFAULT_DISPLAY) {
//home intent有CATEGORY_HOME
homeIntent = mService.getHomeIntent();
//根据intent中携带的ComponentName,利用PKMS得到ActivityInfo
aInfo = resolveHomeActivity(userId, homeIntent);
} else if (shouldPlaceSecondaryHomeOnDisplay(displayId)) {
Pair<ActivityInfo, Intent> info =
RootActivityContainerMifavor.resolveSecondaryHomeActivityPcMode(this, userId, displayId);
aInfo = info.first;
homeIntent = info.second;
}
if (aInfo == null || homeIntent == null) {
return false;
}
if (!canStartHomeOnDisplay(aInfo, displayId, allowInstrumenting)) {
return false;
}
// Updates the home component of the intent.
homeIntent.setComponent(new ComponentName(aInfo.applicationInfo.packageName, aInfo.name));
homeIntent.setFlags(homeIntent.getFlags() | FLAG_ACTIVITY_NEW_TASK);
// Updates the extra information of the intent.
if (fromHomeKey) {
homeIntent.putExtra(WindowManagerPolicy.EXTRA_FROM_HOME_KEY, true);
}
// Update the reason for ANR debugging to verify if the user activity is the one that
// actually launched.
final String myReason = reason + ":" + userId + ":" + UserHandle.getUserId(
aInfo.applicationInfo.uid) + ":" + displayId;
//启动Home Activity--Luncher
mService.getActivityStartController().startHomeActivity(homeIntent, aInfo, myReason,
displayId);
return true;
}
5.Android10中AMS的一些变化
在Android 10 中安卓为了将来的方案更设计更加明确,对AMS做了很多修改,安卓的最终目的是把activity 和window融合,在Android 10.0上只是简单的代码路径变化,整体逻辑还是跟Android 9.0 类似
Android 10中引入了ActivityTaskManager--ATM的概念。
5.1 Android P 的冗余问题
Android 9.0 及以前版本,Acitivity 管理由AMS 和WMS 协作完成,导致在AMS 和WMS 中都有相似功能的实体,除了大量的代码冗余之外,二者之间的协作也非常困难。
5.2 Android 10的变化
从Android 10.0 的代码变更看,google 最终的目的是把activity 和window融合,目前发布的版本虽然做了大量的代码变更,但和P 之前的版本的流程变化不大,
目前只是简单的把代码整理到一起了,还属于中间状态,按android文档介绍,完全融合在M 甚至更靠后的版本才能完成。
目前已完成的工作:
- 把AMS 下面只和activity 管理相关的代码移到WMS的目录下,actvityStack、activityRecord 等文件,全部移到WMS 目录下,和window 统一管理.
- AMS 中部分文件拆分,把原来activity和其他组件融合在一起处理的文件进行拆分,activity 相关部分单独拆分,移到WMS 中统一管理。比如ActivityManagerService.java 拆分成了ActivityManagerService.java 和ActivityTaskManagerService.java 两个文件,activity 的启动由ActivityTaskManagerService.java 负责:
- 因为Activity 和window的管理统一由WMS 完成,不再需要之前的DispayWindowController、stackWindowController 来居中协调,可以把display、stack、task 等统一管理。最终要做到完全融合,以stack 为例,完成后会把taskstack的功能完全融合进activityStack,目前只做到了在activityStack 中包含taskstack。创建、管理流程也随之发生变化。
6.总结
AMS的启动主要经历了如下几个阶段:
- 为SystemServer进程创建Android运行环境,例如System Context
- 启动AMS,做一些初始化的工作
- 将SystemServer进程纳入到AMS的进程管理体系中
- AMS启动完成,通知服务或应用完成后续的工作,调用一些服务的systemReady()方法中,
- 启动Luncher,完成AMS的启动工作