1.概述
上一节讲解了Zygote进程的整个启动流程。Zygote是所有应用的鼻祖。SystemServer和其他所有Dalivik虚拟机进程都是由Zygote fork而来。Zygote fork的第一个进程就是SystemServer,其在手机中的进程名为 system_server。
system_server 进程承载着整个framework的核心服务,例如创建 ActivityManagerService、PowerManagerService、DisplayManagerService、PackageManagerService、WindowManagerService、LauncherAppsService等80多个核心系统服务。这些服务以不同的线程方式存在于system_server这个进程中。
接下来,就让我们透过Android系统源码一起来分析一下SystemServer的整个启动过程。
2.核心源码
/frameworks/base/core/java/com/android/internal/os/ZygoteInit.java
/frameworks/base/core/java/com/android/internal/os/RuntimeInit.java
/frameworks/base/core/java/com/android/internal/os/Zygote.java
/frameworks/base/services/java/com/android/server/SystemServer.java
/frameworks/base/services/core/java/com/android/serverSystemServiceManager.java
/frameworks/base/services/core/java/com/android/ServiceThread.java
/frameworks/base/services/core/java/com/android/server/am/ActivityManagerService.java
/frameworks/base/core/java/android/app/ActivityThread.java
/frameworks/base/core/java/android/app/LoadedApk.java
/frameworks/base/core/java/android/app/ContextImpl.java
/frameworks/base/core/jni/AndroidRuntime.cpp
/frameworks/base/core/jni/com_android_internal_os_ZygoteInit.cpp
/frameworks/base/cmds/app_process/app_main.cpp
3.架构
3.1 架构图
SystemServer 被Zygote进程fork出来后,用来创建ActivityManagerService、PowerManagerService、DisplayManagerService、PackageManagerService、WindowManagerService、LauncherAppsService等90多个核心系统服务
3.2 服务启动
SystemServer思维导图
4. 源码分析
4.1 SystemServer fork流程分析
4.1.1 [ZygoteInit.java] main()
说明:Zygote进程,通过fork()函数,最终孵化出system_server的进程,通过反射的方法启动
SystemServer.java的main()方法
源码:
public static void main(String argv[]) {
ZygoteServer zygoteServer = null;
...
try {
zygoteServer = new ZygoteServer(isPrimaryZygote);
if (startSystemServer) {
//fork system_server
Runnable r = forkSystemServer(abiList, zygoteSocketName, zygoteServer);
// {@code r == null} in the parent (zygote) process, and {@code r != null} in the
// child (system_server) process.
if (r != null) {
r.run(); //启动SystemServer.java的main()
return; //Android 8.0之前是通过抛异常的方式来启动,这里是直接return出去,用来清空栈,提高栈帧利用率
}
}
caller = zygoteServer.runSelectLoop(abiList);
} catch (Throwable ex) {
Log.e(TAG, "System zygote died with exception", ex);
throw ex;
} finally {
if (zygoteServer != null) {
zygoteServer.closeServerSocket();
}
}
if (caller != null) {
caller.run();
}
...
}
4.1.2[ZygoteInit.java] forkSystemServer()
说明:准备参数,用来进行system_server的fork,从参数可知,pid=1000,gid=1000,进程名nick-name=system_server
当有两个Zygote进程时,需要等待第二个Zygote创建完成。由于fork时会拷贝socket,因此,在fork出system_server进程后,
需要关闭Zygote原有的socket
源码:
private static Runnable forkSystemServer(String abiList, String socketName,
ZygoteServer zygoteServer) {
......
//参数准备,uid和gid都是为1000
String args[] = {
"--setuid=1000",
"--setgid=1000",
"--setgroups=1001,1002,1003,1004,1005,1006,1007,1008,1009,1010,1018,1021,1023,"
+ "1024,1032,1065,3001,3002,3003,3006,3007,3009,3010",
"--capabilities=" + capabilities + "," + capabilities,
"--nice-name=system_server",
"--runtime-args",
"--target-sdk-version=" + VMRuntime.SDK_VERSION_CUR_DEVELOPMENT,
"com.android.server.SystemServer",
};
ZygoteArguments parsedArgs = null;
int pid;
try {
//将上面准备的参数,按照ZygoteArguments的风格进行封装
parsedArgs = new ZygoteArguments(args);
Zygote.applyDebuggerSystemProperty(parsedArgs);
Zygote.applyInvokeWithSystemProperty(parsedArgs);
//通过fork"分裂"出子进程system_server
/* Request to fork the system server process */
pid = Zygote.forkSystemServer(
parsedArgs.mUid, parsedArgs.mGid,
parsedArgs.mGids,
parsedArgs.mRuntimeFlags,
null,
parsedArgs.mPermittedCapabilities,
parsedArgs.mEffectiveCapabilities);
} catch (IllegalArgumentException ex) {
throw new RuntimeException(ex);
}
//进入子进程system_server
if (pid == 0) {
// 处理32_64和64_32的情况
if (hasSecondZygote(abiList)) {
waitForSecondaryZygote(socketName); //需要等待第二个Zygote创建完成
}
// fork时会copy socket,Zygote原有的socket需要关闭
zygoteServer.closeServerSocket();
// system server进程处理自己的工作
return handleSystemServerProcess(parsedArgs);
}
return null;
}
4.1.3 [Zygote.java] forkSystemServer()
说明:这里的nativeForkSystemServer()最终是通过JNI,调用Nativate C空间的com_android_internal_os_Zygote_nativeForkSystemServer()
来fork system_server
源码:
public static int forkSystemServer(int uid, int gid, int[] gids, int runtimeFlags,
int[][] rlimits, long permittedCapabilities, long effectiveCapabilities) {
ZygoteHooks.preFork();
// Resets nice priority for zygote process.
resetNicePriority();
//调用native的方法来fork system_server
//最终调用native的方法:com_android_internal_os_Zygote_nativeForkSystemServer
int pid = nativeForkSystemServer(
uid, gid, gids, runtimeFlags, rlimits,
permittedCapabilities, effectiveCapabilities);
// Enable tracing as soon as we enter the system_server.
if (pid == 0) {
Trace.setTracingEnabled(true, runtimeFlags);
}
ZygoteHooks.postForkCommon();
return pid;
}
[com_android_internal_os_Zygote.cpp]
说明:JNI注册的映射关系
static const JNINativeMethod gMethods[] = {
{ "nativeForkSystemServer", "(II[II[[IJJ)I",
(void *) com_android_internal_os_Zygote_nativeForkSystemServer },
}
4.1.4[com_android_internal_os_Zygote.cpp]
com_android_internal_os_Zygote_nativeForkSystemServer()
说明:通过 SpecializeCommon进行fork,pid返回0时,表示当前为system_server子进程
当pid >0 时,是进入父进程,即Zygote进程,通过waitpid 的WNOHANG 非阻塞方式来监控
system_server进程挂掉,如果挂掉后重启Zygote进程。
现在使用的Android系统大部分情况下是64位的,会存在两个Zygote,当system_server挂掉后,
只启动Zygote64这个父进程
源码:
static jint com_android_internal_os_Zygote_nativeForkSystemServer(
JNIEnv* env, jclass, uid_t uid, gid_t gid, jintArray gids,
jint runtime_flags, jobjectArray rlimits, jlong permitted_capabilities,
jlong effective_capabilities) {
pid_t pid = ForkCommon(env, true,
fds_to_close,
fds_to_ignore);
if (pid == 0) {
//进入子进程
SpecializeCommon(env, uid, gid, gids, runtime_flags, rlimits,
permitted_capabilities, effective_capabilities,
MOUNT_EXTERNAL_DEFAULT, nullptr, nullptr, true,
false, nullptr, nullptr);
} else if (pid > 0) {
//进入父进程,即zygote进程
ALOGI("System server process %d has been created", pid);
int status;
//用waitpid函数获取状态发生变化的子进程pid
//waitpid的标记为WNOHANG,即非阻塞,返回为正值就说明有进程挂掉了
if (waitpid(pid, &status, WNOHANG) == pid) {
//当system_server进程死亡后,重启zygote进程
ALOGE("System server process %d has died. Restarting Zygote!", pid);
RuntimeAbort(env, __LINE__, "System server process has died. Restarting Zygote!");
}
...
}
return pid;
}
4.1.5 [com_android_internal_os_Zygote.cpp] ForkCommon
说明:从Zygote孵化出一个进程的使用程序
源码:
static pid_t ForkCommon(JNIEnv* env, bool is_system_server,
const std::vector<int>& fds_to_close,
const std::vector<int>& fds_to_ignore) {
//设置子进程的signal
SetSignalHandlers();
//在fork的过程中,临时锁住SIGCHLD
BlockSignal(SIGCHLD, fail_fn);
//fork子进程,采用copy on write方式,这里执行一次,会返回两次
//pid=0 表示Zygote fork SystemServer这个子进程成功
//pid > 0 表示SystemServer 的真正的PID
pid_t pid = fork();
if (pid == 0) {
//进入子进程
// The child process.
PreApplicationInit();
// 关闭并清除文件描述符
// Clean up any descriptors which must be closed immediately
DetachDescriptors(env, fds_to_close, fail_fn);
...
} else {
ALOGD("Forked child process %d", pid);
}
//fork结束,解锁
UnblockSignal(SIGCHLD, fail_fn);
return pid;
}
4.1.6 [Zygcom_android_internal_os_Zygoteote.cpp] SpecializeCommon
说明:system_server进程的一些调度配置
源码:
static void SpecializeCommon(JNIEnv* env, uid_t uid, gid_t gid, jintArray gids,
jint runtime_flags, jobjectArray rlimits,
jlong permitted_capabilities, jlong effective_capabilities,
jint mount_external, jstring managed_se_info,
jstring managed_nice_name, bool is_system_server,
bool is_child_zygote, jstring managed_instruction_set,
jstring managed_app_data_dir) {
...
bool use_native_bridge = !is_system_server &&
instruction_set.has_value() &&
android::NativeBridgeAvailable() &&
android::NeedsNativeBridge(instruction_set.value().c_str());
if (!is_system_server && getuid() == 0) {
//对于非system_server子进程,则创建进程组
const int rc = createProcessGroup(uid, getpid());
if (rc == -EROFS) {
ALOGW("createProcessGroup failed, kernel missing CONFIG_CGROUP_CPUACCT?");
} else if (rc != 0) {
ALOGE("createProcessGroup(%d, %d) failed: %s", uid, /* pid= */ 0, strerror(-rc));
}
}
SetGids(env, gids, fail_fn); //设置设置group
SetRLimits(env, rlimits, fail_fn); //设置资源limit
if (use_native_bridge) {
// Due to the logic behind use_native_bridge we know that both app_data_dir
// and instruction_set contain values.
android::PreInitializeNativeBridge(app_data_dir.value().c_str(),
instruction_set.value().c_str());
}
if (setresgid(gid, gid, gid) == -1) {
fail_fn(CREATE_ERROR("setresgid(%d) failed: %s", gid, strerror(errno)));
}
...
//selinux上下文
if (selinux_android_setcontext(uid, is_system_server, se_info_ptr, nice_name_ptr) == -1) {
fail_fn(CREATE_ERROR("selinux_android_setcontext(%d, %d, \"%s\", \"%s\") failed",
uid, is_system_server, se_info_ptr, nice_name_ptr));
}
//设置线程名为system_server,方便调试
if (nice_name.has_value()) {
SetThreadName(nice_name.value());
} else if (is_system_server) {
SetThreadName("system_server");
}
// Unset the SIGCHLD handler, but keep ignoring SIGHUP (rationale in SetSignalHandlers).
//设置子进程的signal信号处理函数为默认函数
UnsetChldSignalHandler();
if (is_system_server) {
//对应 Zygote.java 的callPostForkSystemServerHooks()
env->CallStaticVoidMethod(gZygoteClass, gCallPostForkSystemServerHooks);
if (env->ExceptionCheck()) {
fail_fn("Error calling post fork system server hooks.");
}
//对应ZygoteInit.java 的 createSystemServerClassLoader()
//预取系统服务器的类加载器。这样做是为了尽早地绑定适当的系统服务器selinux域。
env->CallStaticVoidMethod(gZygoteInitClass, gCreateSystemServerClassLoader);
if (env->ExceptionCheck()) {
// Be robust here. The Java code will attempt to create the classloader
// at a later point (but may not have rights to use AoT artifacts).
env->ExceptionClear();
}
...
}
//等价于调用zygote.java 的callPostForkChildHooks()
env->CallStaticVoidMethod(gZygoteClass, gCallPostForkChildHooks, runtime_flags,
is_system_server, is_child_zygote, managed_instruction_set);
if (env->ExceptionCheck()) {
fail_fn("Error calling post fork hooks.");
}
}
4.1.7 [ZygoteInit.java] handleSystemServerProcess
说明:创建类加载器,并赋予当前线程,其中环境变量SYSTEMSERVERCLASSPATH,主要是service.jar、ethernet-service.jar和wifi-service.jar这三个jar包
export SYSTEMSERVERCLASSPATH=/system/framework/services.jar:/system/framework/ethernet-service.jar:/system/framework/wifi-service.jar
源码:
private static Runnable handleSystemServerProcess(ZygoteArguments parsedArgs) {
if (parsedArgs.mNiceName != null) {
Process.setArgV0(parsedArgs.mNiceName); //设置当前进程名为"system_server"
}
final String systemServerClasspath = Os.getenv("SYSTEMSERVERCLASSPATH");
if (systemServerClasspath != null) {
//执行dex优化操作
if (performSystemServerDexOpt(systemServerClasspath)) {
sCachedSystemServerClassLoader = null;
}
...
}
if (parsedArgs.mInvokeWith != null) {
String[] args = parsedArgs.mRemainingArgs;
//如果我们有一个非空系统服务器类路径,我们将不得不复制现有的参数并将类路径附加到它。
//当我们执行一个新进程时,ART将正确地处理类路径。
if (systemServerClasspath != null) {
String[] amendedArgs = new String[args.length + 2];
amendedArgs[0] = "-cp";
amendedArgs[1] = systemServerClasspath;
System.arraycopy(args, 0, amendedArgs, 2, args.length);
args = amendedArgs;
}
//启动应用进程
WrapperInit.execApplication(parsedArgs.mInvokeWith,
parsedArgs.mNiceName, parsedArgs.mTargetSdkVersion,
VMRuntime.getCurrentInstructionSet(), null, args);
throw new IllegalStateException("Unexpected return from WrapperInit.execApplication");
} else {
// 创建类加载器,并赋予当前线程
createSystemServerClassLoader();
ClassLoader cl = sCachedSystemServerClassLoader;
if (cl != null) {
Thread.currentThread().setContextClassLoader(cl);
}
//system_server进入此分支
return ZygoteInit.zygoteInit(parsedArgs.mTargetSdkVersion,
parsedArgs.mRemainingArgs, cl);
}
}
4.1.8[ZygoteInit.java] zygoteInit
说明:基础配置,并进行应用初始化,返回对象
源码:
public static final Runnable zygoteInit(int targetSdkVersion, String[] argv,
ClassLoader classLoader) {
Trace.traceBegin(Trace.TRACE_TAG_ACTIVITY_MANAGER, "ZygoteInit");
RuntimeInit.redirectLogStreams(); //重定向log输出
RuntimeInit.commonInit(); //通用的一些初始化
ZygoteInit.nativeZygoteInit(); // zygote初始化
// 应用初始化
return RuntimeInit.applicationInit(targetSdkVersion, argv, classLoader);
}
4.1.9[RuntimeInit.java] commonInit
说明:配置log、时区、http userAgent等基础信息
源码:
protected static final void commonInit() {
LoggingHandler loggingHandler = new LoggingHandler();
// 设置默认的未捕捉异常处理方法
RuntimeHooks.setUncaughtExceptionPreHandler(loggingHandler);
Thread.setDefaultUncaughtExceptionHandler(new KillApplicationHandler(loggingHandler));
// 设置时区,通过属性读出中国时区为"Asia/Shanghai"
RuntimeHooks.setTimeZoneIdSupplier(() -> SystemProperties.get("persist.sys.timezone"));
//重置log配置
LogManager.getLogManager().reset();
new AndroidConfig();
//设置默认的HTTP User-agent格式,用于 HttpURLConnection
String userAgent = getDefaultUserAgent();
System.setProperty("http.agent", userAgent);
/*
* Wire socket tagging to traffic stats.
*/
//设置socket的tag,用于网络流量统计
NetworkManagementSocketTagger.install();
...
}
4.1.10[ZygoteInit.java] nativeZygoteInit
说明:nativeZygoteInit 通过反射,进入com_android_internal_os_ZygoteInit_nativeZygoteInit
源码:
[AndroidRuntime.cpp]
int register_com_android_internal_os_ZygoteInit_nativeZygoteInit(JNIEnv* env)
{
const JNINativeMethod methods[] = {
{ "nativeZygoteInit", "()V",
(void*) com_android_internal_os_ZygoteInit_nativeZygoteInit },
};
return jniRegisterNativeMethods(env, "com/android/internal/os/ZygoteInit",
methods, NELEM(methods));
}
gCurRuntime = this;
static void com_android_internal_os_ZygoteInit_nativeZygoteInit(JNIEnv* env, jobject clazz)
{
//此处的gCurRuntime为AppRuntime,是在AndroidRuntime.cpp中定义的
gCurRuntime->onZygoteInit();
}
[app_main.cpp]
virtual void onZygoteInit()
{
sp<ProcessState> proc = ProcessState::self();
ALOGV("App process: starting thread pool.\n");
proc->startThreadPool(); //启动新binder线程
}
4.1.11[RuntimeInit.java] applicationInit
说明:通过参数解析,得到args.startClass = com.android.server.SystemServer
源码:
protected static Runnable applicationInit(int targetSdkVersion, String[] argv,
ClassLoader classLoader) {
//true代表应用程序退出时不调用AppRuntime.onExit(),否则会在退出前调用
nativeSetExitWithoutCleanup(true);
// We want to be fairly aggressive about heap utilization, to avoid
// holding on to a lot of memory that isn't needed.
//设置虚拟机的内存利用率参数值为0.75
VMRuntime.getRuntime().setTargetHeapUtilization(0.75f);
VMRuntime.getRuntime().setTargetSdkVersion(targetSdkVersion);
final Arguments args = new Arguments(argv); //解析参数
...
// Remaining arguments are passed to the start class's static main
//调用startClass的static方法 main()
return findStaticMain(args.startClass, args.startArgs, classLoader);
}
4.1.12 [RuntimeInit.java] findStaticMain
说明:拿到SystemServer的main()方法,并返回 MethodAndArgsCaller()对象
源码:
protected static Runnable findStaticMain(String className, String[] argv,
ClassLoader classLoader) {
Class<?> cl;
try {
//拿到com.android.server.SystemServer 的类对象
cl = Class.forName(className, true, classLoader);
} catch (ClassNotFoundException ex) {
throw new RuntimeException(
"Missing class when invoking static main " + className,
ex);
}
Method m;
try {
//得到SystemServer的main()方法,
m = cl.getMethod("main", new Class[] { String[].class });
} catch (NoSuchMethodException ex) {
throw new RuntimeException(
"Missing static main on " + className, ex);
} catch (SecurityException ex) {
throw new RuntimeException(
"Problem getting static main on " + className, ex);
}
int modifiers = m.getModifiers();
if (! (Modifier.isStatic(modifiers) && Modifier.isPublic(modifiers))) {
throw new RuntimeException(
"Main method is not public and static on " + className);
}
//把MethodAndArgsCaller的对象返回给ZygoteInit.main()。这样做好处是能清空栈帧,提高栈帧利用率
//清除了设置进程所需的所有堆栈帧
return new MethodAndArgsCaller(m, argv);
}
4.1.13[RuntimeInit.java] MethodAndArgsCaller
说明:最终在ZygoteInit.java的main(),调用这里的run()来启动SystemServer.java的main(),真正进入SystemServer进程
源码:
static class MethodAndArgsCaller implements Runnable {
/** method to call */
private final Method mMethod;
/** argument array */
private final String[] mArgs;
public MethodAndArgsCaller(Method method, String[] args) {
mMethod = method;
mArgs = args;
}
public void run() {
try {
//根据传递过来的参数,可知此处通过反射机制调用的是SystemServer.main()方法
mMethod.invoke(null, new Object[] { mArgs });
} catch (IllegalAccessException ex) {
throw new RuntimeException(ex);
} catch (InvocationTargetException ex) {
Throwable cause = ex.getCause();
if (cause instanceof RuntimeException) {
throw (RuntimeException) cause;
} else if (cause instanceof Error) {
throw (Error) cause;
}
throw new RuntimeException(ex);
}
}
}
4.2 SystemServer 启动后的流程
4.2.1[SystemServer.java] main
说明:main函数由Zygote进程 fork后运行,作用是new 一个SystemServer对象,再调用该对象的run()方法
源码:
public static void main(String[] args) {
//new 一个SystemServer对象,再调用该对象的run()方法
new SystemServer().run();
}
4.2.2 [SystemServer.java] run
说明:先初始化一些系统变量,加载类库,创建Context对象,创建SystemServiceManager对象等候再启动服务,启动引导服务、核心服务和其他服务
源码:
private void run() {
try {
traceBeginAndSlog("InitBeforeStartServices");
// Record the process start information in sys props.
//从属性中读取system_server进程的一些信息
SystemProperties.set(SYSPROP_START_COUNT, String.valueOf(mStartCount));
SystemProperties.set(SYSPROP_START_ELAPSED, String.valueOf(mRuntimeStartElapsedTime));
SystemProperties.set(SYSPROP_START_UPTIME, String.valueOf(mRuntimeStartUptime));
EventLog.writeEvent(EventLogTags.SYSTEM_SERVER_START,
mStartCount, mRuntimeStartUptime, mRuntimeStartElapsedTime);
//如果一个设备的时钟是在1970年之前(0年之前),
//那么很多api 都会因为处理负数而崩溃,尤其是java.io.File#setLastModified
//我把把时间设置为1970
if (System.currentTimeMillis() < EARLIEST_SUPPORTED_TIME) {
Slog.w(TAG, "System clock is before 1970; setting to 1970.");
SystemClock.setCurrentTimeMillis(EARLIEST_SUPPORTED_TIME);
}
//如果时区不存在,设置时区为GMT
String timezoneProperty = SystemProperties.get("persist.sys.timezone");
if (timezoneProperty == null || timezoneProperty.isEmpty()) {
Slog.w(TAG, "Timezone not set; setting to GMT.");
SystemProperties.set("persist.sys.timezone", "GMT");
}
//变更虚拟机的库文件,对于Android 10.0默认采用的是libart.so
SystemProperties.set("persist.sys.dalvik.vm.lib.2", VMRuntime.getRuntime().vmLibrary());
// Mmmmmm... more memory!
//清除vm内存增长上限,由于启动过程需要较多的虚拟机内存空间
VMRuntime.getRuntime().clearGrowthLimit();
...
//系统服务器必须一直运行,所以它需要尽可能高效地使用内存
//设置内存的可能有效使用率为0.8
VMRuntime.getRuntime().setTargetHeapUtilization(0.8f);
//一些设备依赖于运行时指纹生成,所以在进一步启动之前,请确保我们已经定义了它。
Build.ensureFingerprintProperty();
//访问环境变量前,需要明确地指定用户
//在system_server中,任何传入的包都应该被解除,以避免抛出BadParcelableException。
BaseBundle.setShouldDefuse(true);
//在system_server中,当打包异常时,信息需要包含堆栈跟踪
Parcel.setStackTraceParceling(true);
//确保当前系统进程的binder调用,总是运行在前台优先级(foreground priority)
BinderInternal.disableBackgroundScheduling(true);
//设置system_server中binder线程的最大数量,最大值为31
BinderInternal.setMaxThreads(sMaxBinderThreads);
//准备主线程lopper,即在当前线程运行
android.os.Process.setThreadPriority(
android.os.Process.THREAD_PRIORITY_FOREGROUND);
android.os.Process.setCanSelfBackground(false);
Looper.prepareMainLooper();
Looper.getMainLooper().setSlowLogThresholdMs(
SLOW_DISPATCH_THRESHOLD_MS, SLOW_DELIVERY_THRESHOLD_MS);
//加载android_servers.so库,初始化native service
System.loadLibrary("android_servers");
// Debug builds - allow heap profiling.
//如果是Debug版本,允许堆内存分析
if (Build.IS_DEBUGGABLE) {
initZygoteChildHeapProfiling();
}
//检测上次关机过程是否失败,这个调用可能不会返回
performPendingShutdown();
//初始化系统上下文
createSystemContext();
//创建系统服务管理--SystemServiceManager
mSystemServiceManager = new SystemServiceManager(mSystemContext);
mSystemServiceManager.setStartInfo(mRuntimeRestart,
mRuntimeStartElapsedTime, mRuntimeStartUptime);
//将mSystemServiceManager添加到本地服务的成员sLocalServiceObjects
LocalServices.addService(SystemServiceManager.class, mSystemServiceManager);
// Prepare the thread pool for init tasks that can be parallelized
//为可以并行化的init任务准备线程池
SystemServerInitThreadPool.get();
} finally {
traceEnd(); // InitBeforeStartServices
}
// Start services.
//启动服务
try {
traceBeginAndSlog("StartServices");
startBootstrapServices(); // 启动引导服务
startCoreServices(); // 启动核心服务
startOtherServices(); // 启动其他服务
SystemServerInitThreadPool.shutdown(); //停止线程池
} catch (Throwable ex) {
Slog.e("System", "******************************************");
Slog.e("System", "************ Failure starting system services", ex);
throw ex;
} finally {
traceEnd();
}
//为当前的虚拟机初始化VmPolicy
StrictMode.initVmDefaults(null);
...
// Loop forever.
//死循环执行
Looper.loop();
throw new RuntimeException("Main thread loop unexpectedly exited");
}
4.2.3[SystemServer.java] performPendingShutdown
说明:检测上次关机过程是否失败,这个调用可能不会返回
源码:
private void performPendingShutdown() {
final String shutdownAction = SystemProperties.get(
ShutdownThread.SHUTDOWN_ACTION_PROPERTY, "");
if (shutdownAction != null && shutdownAction.length() > 0) {
boolean reboot = (shutdownAction.charAt(0) == '1');
final String reason;
if (shutdownAction.length() > 1) {
reason = shutdownAction.substring(1, shutdownAction.length());
} else {
reason = null;
}
//如果需要重新启动才能应用更新,一定要确保uncrypt在需要时正确执行。
//如果'/cache/recovery/block.map'还没有创建,停止重新启动,它肯定会失败,
//并有机会捕获一个bugreport时,这仍然是可行的。
if (reason != null && reason.startsWith(PowerManager.REBOOT_RECOVERY_UPDATE)) {
File packageFile = new File(UNCRYPT_PACKAGE_FILE);
if (packageFile.exists()) {
String filename = null;
try {
filename = FileUtils.readTextFile(packageFile, 0, null);
} catch (IOException e) {
Slog.e(TAG, "Error reading uncrypt package file", e);
}
if (filename != null && filename.startsWith("/data")) {
if (!new File(BLOCK_MAP_FILE).exists()) {
Slog.e(TAG, "Can't find block map file, uncrypt failed or " +
"unexpected runtime restart?");
return;
}
}
}
}
Runnable runnable = new Runnable() {
@Override
public void run() {
synchronized (this) {
//当属性sys.shutdown.requested的值为1时,会重启
//当属性的值不为空,且不为1时,会关机
ShutdownThread.rebootOrShutdown(null, reboot, reason);
}
}
};
// ShutdownThread must run on a looper capable of displaying the UI.
//ShutdownThread必须在一个能够显示UI的looper上运行
//即UI线程启动ShutdownThread的rebootOrShutdown
Message msg = Message.obtain(UiThread.getHandler(), runnable);
msg.setAsynchronous(true);
UiThread.getHandler().sendMessage(msg);
}
}
4.2.4[SystemServer.java] createSystemContext
说明:初始化系统上下文, 该过程会创建对象有ActivityThread,Instrumentation, ContextImpl,LoadedApk,Application
源码:
private void createSystemContext() {
//创建system_server进程的上下文信息
ActivityThread activityThread = ActivityThread.systemMain();
mSystemContext = activityThread.getSystemContext();
//设置主题
mSystemContext.setTheme(DEFAULT_SYSTEM_THEME);
//获取systemui上下文信息,并设置主题
final Context systemUiContext = activityThread.getSystemUiContext();
systemUiContext.setTheme(DEFAULT_SYSTEM_THEME);
}
4.2.5[SystemServer.java] startBootstrapServices
说明:用于启动系统Boot级服务,有ActivityManagerService, PowerManagerService, LightsService, DisplayManagerService, PackageManagerService, UserManagerService, sensor服务.
源码:
private void startBootstrapServices() {
traceBeginAndSlog("StartWatchdog");
//启动watchdog
//尽早启动watchdog,如果在早起启动时发生死锁,我们可以让system_server
//崩溃,从而进行详细分析
final Watchdog watchdog = Watchdog.getInstance();
watchdog.start();
traceEnd();
...
//添加PLATFORM_COMPAT_SERVICE,Platform compat服务被ActivityManagerService、PackageManagerService
//以及将来可能出现的其他服务使用。
traceBeginAndSlog("PlatformCompat");
ServiceManager.addService(Context.PLATFORM_COMPAT_SERVICE,
new PlatformCompat(mSystemContext));
traceEnd();
//阻塞等待installd完成启动,以便有机会创建具有适当权限的关键目录,如/data/user。
//我们需要在初始化其他服务之前完成此任务。
traceBeginAndSlog("StartInstaller");
Installer installer = mSystemServiceManager.startService(Installer.class);
traceEnd();
...
//启动服务ActivityManagerService,并为其设置mSystemServiceManager和installer
traceBeginAndSlog("StartActivityManager");
ActivityTaskManagerService atm = mSystemServiceManager.startService(
ActivityTaskManagerService.Lifecycle.class).getService();
mActivityManagerService = ActivityManagerService.Lifecycle.startService(mSystemServiceManager, atm);
mActivityManagerService.setSystemServiceManager(mSystemServiceManager);
mActivityManagerService.setInstaller(installer);
mWindowManagerGlobalLock = atm.getGlobalLock();
traceEnd();
//启动服务PowerManagerService
//Power manager需要尽早启动,因为其他服务需要它。
//本机守护进程可能正在监视它的注册,
//因此它必须准备好立即处理传入的绑定器调用(包括能够验证这些调用的权限)
。
traceBeginAndSlog("StartPowerManager");
mPowerManagerService = mSystemServiceManager.startService(
PowerManagerService.class);
traceEnd();
...
//初始化power management
traceBeginAndSlog("InitPowerManagement");
mActivityManagerService.initPowerManagement();
traceEnd();
//启动recovery system,以防需要重新启动
traceBeginAndSlog("StartRecoverySystemService");
mSystemServiceManager.startService(RecoverySystemService.class);
traceEnd();
...
//启动服务LightsService
//管理led和显示背光,所以我们需要它来打开显示
traceBeginAndSlog("StartLightsService");
mSystemServiceManager.startService(LightsService.class);
traceEnd();
...
//启动服务DisplayManagerService
//显示管理器需要在包管理器之前提供显示指标
traceBeginAndSlog("StartDisplayManager");
mDisplayManagerService = mSystemServiceManager.startService(DisplayManagerService.class);
traceEnd();
// Boot Phases: Phase100: 在初始化package manager之前,需要默认的显示.
traceBeginAndSlog("WaitForDisplay");
mSystemServiceManager.startBootPhase(SystemService.PHASE_WAIT_FOR_DEFAULT_DISPLAY);
traceEnd();
//当设备正在加密时,仅运行核心
String cryptState = VoldProperties.decrypt().orElse("");
if (ENCRYPTING_STATE.equals(cryptState)) {
Slog.w(TAG, "Detected encryption in progress - only parsing core apps");
mOnlyCore = true;
} else if (ENCRYPTED_STATE.equals(cryptState)) {
Slog.w(TAG, "Device encrypted - only parsing core apps");
mOnlyCore = true;
}
...
//启动服务PackageManagerService
traceBeginAndSlog("StartPackageManagerService");
try {
Watchdog.getInstance().pauseWatchingCurrentThread("packagemanagermain");
mPackageManagerService = PackageManagerService.main(mSystemContext, installer,
mFactoryTestMode != FactoryTest.FACTORY_TEST_OFF, mOnlyCore);
} finally {
Watchdog.getInstance().resumeWatchingCurrentThread("packagemanagermain");
}
...
//启动服务UserManagerService,新建目录/data/user/
traceBeginAndSlog("StartUserManagerService");
mSystemServiceManager.startService(UserManagerService.LifeCycle.class);
traceEnd();
// Set up the Application instance for the system process and get started.
//为系统进程设置应用程序实例并开始。
//设置AMS
traceBeginAndSlog("SetSystemProcess");
mActivityManagerService.setSystemProcess();
traceEnd();
//使用一个ActivityManager实例完成watchdog设置并监听重启,
//只有在ActivityManagerService作为一个系统进程正确启动后才能这样做
traceBeginAndSlog("InitWatchdog");
watchdog.init(mSystemContext, mActivityManagerService);
traceEnd();
//传感器服务需要访问包管理器服务、app ops服务和权限服务,
//因此我们在它们之后启动它。
//在单独的线程中启动传感器服务。在使用它之前应该检查完成情况。
mSensorServiceStart = SystemServerInitThreadPool.get().submit(() -> {
TimingsTraceLog traceLog = new TimingsTraceLog(
SYSTEM_SERVER_TIMING_ASYNC_TAG, Trace.
TRACE_TAG_SYSTEM_SERVER);
traceLog.traceBegin(START_SENSOR_SERVICE);
startSensorService(); //启动传感器服务
traceLog.traceEnd();
}, START_SENSOR_SERVICE);
}
4.2.6[SystemServer.java] startCoreServices
说明:启动核心服务BatteryService,UsageStatsService,WebViewUpdateService、BugreportManagerService、GpuService等
源码:
private void startCoreServices() {
//启动服务BatteryService,用于统计电池电量,需要LightService.
mSystemServiceManager.startService(BatteryService.class);
//启动服务UsageStatsService,用于统计应用使用情况
mSystemServiceManager.startService(UsageStatsService.class);
mActivityManagerService.setUsageStatsManager(
LocalServices.getService(UsageStatsManagerInternal.class));
//启动服务WebViewUpdateService
//跟踪可更新的WebView是否处于就绪状态,并监视更新安装
if (mPackageManager.hasSystemFeature(PackageManager.FEATURE_WEBVIEW)) {
mWebViewUpdateService = mSystemServiceManager.startService(WebViewUpdateService.class);
}
//启动CachedDeviceStateService,跟踪和缓存设备状态
mSystemServiceManager.startService(CachedDeviceStateService.class);
//启动BinderCallsStatsService, 跟踪在绑定器调用中花费的cpu时间
traceBeginAndSlog("StartBinderCallsStatsService");
mSystemServiceManager.startService(BinderCallsStatsService.LifeCycle.class);
traceEnd();
//启动LooperStatsService,跟踪处理程序中处理消息所花费的时间。
traceBeginAndSlog("StartLooperStatsService");
mSystemServiceManager.startService(LooperStatsService.Lifecycle.class);
traceEnd();
//启动RollbackManagerService,管理apk回滚
mSystemServiceManager.startService(RollbackManagerService.class);
//启动BugreportManagerService,捕获bugreports的服务
mSystemServiceManager.startService(BugreportManagerService.class);
//启动GpuService,为GPU和GPU驱动程序提供服务。
mSystemServiceManager.startService(GpuService.class);
}
4.2.7[SystemServer.java] startOtherServices
说明:启动其他的服务,开始处理一大堆尚未重构和整理的东西,这里的服务太多,大体启动过程类似,就不详细说明
源码:
private void startOtherServices() {
...
//启动TelecomLoaderService,通话相关核心服务
mSystemServiceManager.startService(TelecomLoaderService.class);
//启动TelephonyRegistry
telephonyRegistry = new TelephonyRegistry(context);
ServiceManager.addService("telephony.registry", telephonyRegistry);
...
//启动AlarmManagerService,时钟管理
mSystemServiceManager.startService(new AlarmManagerService(context));
...
//启动InputManagerService
inputManager = new InputManagerService(context);
ServiceManager.addService(Context.INPUT_SERVICE, inputManager,
/* allowIsolated= */ false, DUMP_FLAG_PRIORITY_CRITICAL);
...
inputManager.setWindowManagerCallbacks(wm.getInputManagerCallback());
inputManager.start();
...
//Phase480:在接收到此启动阶段后,服务可以获得锁设置数据
mSystemServiceManager.startBootPhase(SystemService.PHASE_LOCK_SETTINGS_READY);
//Phase500:在接收到这个启动阶段之后,服务可以安全地调用核心系统服务,
//如PowerManager或PackageManager。
mSystemServiceManager.startBootPhase(SystemService.PHASE_SYSTEM_SERVICES_READY);
mActivityManagerService.systemReady(() -> {
//Phase550:在接收到此引导阶段后,服务可以广播意图。
mSystemServiceManager.startBootPhase(
SystemService.PHASE_ACTIVITY_MANAGER_READY);
//Phase600:在接收到这个启动阶段后,服务可以启动/绑定到第三方应用程序。
//此时,应用程序将能够对服务进行绑定调用。
mSystemServiceManager.startBootPhase(
SystemService.PHASE_THIRD_PARTY_APPS_CAN_START);
}
}
5.服务启动分析
服务启动流程如下,从阶段0到阶段1000,一共8个阶段。
其中PHASE_BOOT_COMPLETED=1000,该阶段是发生在Boot完成和home应用启动完毕。系统服务更倾向于监听该阶段,而不是注册广播ACTION_BOOT_COMPLETED,从而降低系统延迟。
5.1 PHASE 0:
说明:startBootstrapServices() 启动引导级服务
主要启动以下10个服务:
- Installer
- DeviceIdentifiersPolicyService
- UriGrantsManagerService
- ActivityTaskManagerService
- ActivityManagerService
- PowerManagerService
- ThermalManagerService
- RecoverySystemService
- LightsService
- DisplayManagerService
启动完后,进入PHASE_WAIT_FOR_DEFAULT_DISPLAY=100, 即Phase100阶段
源码:
...
//1.启动DeviceIdentifiersPolicyService
mSystemServiceManager.startService(DeviceIdentifiersPolicyService.class);
//2.启动UriGrantsManagerService
mSystemServiceManager.startService(UriGrantsManagerService.Lifecycle.class);
//3.启动ActivityTaskManagerService
atm = mSystemServiceManager.startService(
ActivityTaskManagerService.Lifecycle.class).getService();
//4.启动PowerManagerService
mPowerManagerService = mSystemServiceManager.startService(PowerManagerService.class);
//5.启动ThermalManagerService
mSystemServiceManager.startService(ThermalManagerService.class);
//6.启动RecoverySystemService
mSystemServiceManager.startService(RecoverySystemService.class);
//7.启动LightsService
mSystemServiceManager.startService(LightsService.class);
//8.启动DisplayManagerService
mDisplayManagerService = mSystemServiceManager.startService(DisplayManagerService.class);
//执行回调函数 onBootPhase,把PHASE_WAIT_FOR_DEFAULT_DISPLAY=100, 传入各个service的 onBootPhase
mSystemServiceManager.startBootPhase(SystemService.PHASE_WAIT_FOR_DEFAULT_DISPLAY);
...
}
5.2 PHASE 100 (阶段100):
定义:public static final int PHASE_WAIT_FOR_DEFAULT_DISPLAY = 100;
说明: 启动阶段-Boot Phase, 该阶段需要等待Display有默认显示
进入阶段PHASE_WAIT_FOR_DEFAULT_DISPLAY=100回调服务: onBootPhase(100)
流程:startBootPhase(100) -> onBootPhase(100)
从以下源码可以看到这里遍历了一下服务列表,然后回调到各服务的 onBootPhase() 方法中了。每个服务的onBootPhase()处理都不相同,这里不详细分析
源码:
public void startBootPhase(final int phase) {
...
mCurrentPhase = phase;
...
final int serviceLen = mServices.size();
for (int i = 0; i < serviceLen; i++) {
final SystemService service = mServices.get(i);
...
try {
service.onBootPhase(mCurrentPhase); // 轮训前面加过的service,把phase加入服务回调
} catch (Exception ex) {
...
}
...
}
...
}
创建以下80多个服务:
- BatteryService
- UsageStatsService
- WebViewUpdateService
- CachedDeviceStateService
- BinderCallsStatsService
- LooperStatsService
- RollbackManagerService
- BugreportManagerService
- GpuService
- ....
5.3 PHASE 480 (阶段480):
定义:public static final int PHASE_LOCK_SETTINGS_READY = 480;
说明: 该阶段后, 服务可以获取到锁屏设置的数据了
480到500之间没有任何操作,直接进入500
5.4 PHASE 500 (阶段500):
定义:public static final int PHASE_SYSTEM_SERVICES_READY = 500;
说明:该阶段后,服务可以安全地调用核心系统服务,比如PowerManager或PackageManager。
启动以下两个服务:
- PermissionPolicyService
- eviceSpecificServices
5.5 PHASE 520 (阶段520):
定义:public static final int PHASE_DEVICE_SPECIFIC_SERVICES_READY = 520;
说明:在接收到这个引导阶段之后,服务可以安全地调用特定于设备的服务。
告诉AMS可以运行第三方代码,Making services ready
mActivityManagerService.systemReady()
5.6 PHASE 550 (阶段550):
定义:public static final int PHASE_ACTIVITY_MANAGER_READY = 550;
说明:该阶段后,服务可以接收到广播Intents
AMS启动native crash监控,启动SystemUI,其余服务调用systemReady()
1) AMS启动native crash监控:
mActivityManagerService.startObservingNativeCrashes();
2) 启动systemUI:
startSystemUi()
3) 其余服务调用systemReady():
- networkManagementF.systemReady()
- ipSecServiceF.systemReady();
- networkStatsF.systemReady();
- connectivityF.systemReady();
- networkPolicyF.systemReady(networkPolicyInitReadySignal);
5.7 PHASE 600 (阶段600):
定义:public static final int PHASE_THIRD_PARTY_APPS_CAN_START = 600;
说明:该阶段后,服务可以启动/绑定到第三方应用程序。此时,应用程序将能够对服务进行绑定调用。
各种服务调用systemRunning方法:
- locationF.systemRunning();
- countryDetectorF.systemRunning();
- networkTimeUpdaterF.systemRunning();
- inputManagerF.systemRunning();
- telephonyRegistryF.systemRunning();
- mediaRouterF.systemRunning();
- mmsServiceF.systemRunning();
- incident.systemRunning();
- touchEventDispatchServiceF.systemRunning();
5.8 PHASE 1000 (阶段1000):
定义:public static final int PHASE_BOOT_COMPLETED = 1000;
说明: 该阶段后,服务可以允许用户与设备交互。此阶段在引导完成且主应用程序启动时发生。
系统服务可能更倾向于监听此阶段,而不是为完成的操作注册广播接收器,以减少总体延迟。
在经过一系列流程,再调用AMS.finishBooting()时,则进入阶段Phase1000。
到此,系统服务启动阶段完成就绪,system_server进程启动完成则进入Looper.loop()状态,随时待命,等待消息队列MessageQueue中的消息到来,则马上进入执行状态。
6.服务分类
system_server进程启动的服务,从源码角度划分为引导服务、核心服务、其他服务3类。
引导服务 Boot Service (10个):
核心服务 Core Service(9个):
其他服务 Other Service(70个+):
7.总结
- Zygote启动后fork的第一个进程为SystemServer,在手机中的进程别名为"system_server",主要用来启动系统中的服务
- .Zygote fork后,进入SystemServer的main()
- SystemServer在启动过程中,先初始化一些系统变量,加载类库,创建Context对象,创建SystemServiceManager对象等候再启动服务
- 启动的服务分为 引导服务(Boot Service)、核心服务(Core Service)和其他服务(Other Service)三大类,共90多个服务
- SystemServer在启动服务前,会尝试与Zygote建立Socket通信,通信成功后才去启动服务
- 启动的服务都单独运行在SystemServer的各自线程中,同属于SystemServer进程